Prevalência de anomalias dentárias em pacientes portadores de fissuras labiopalatinas na região de Cascavel, PR

Abstract

Cleft lip and palate (CLP) are the most common facial congenital defects and may be associated or not with syndromes. The CLP is etiologically heterogeneous and the exact role that genetic and environmental factors play in the etiology of such alteration is still not clear. Considering that patients with CLP present high incidence of dental anomalies, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of dental anomalies in a group of patients with nonsyndromic CLP in the region of Cascavel, PR, Brazil. This study included 86 cases of cleft individuals at the Care and Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center of Cascavel (CEAPAC) linked to the Association of Carriers of Cleft Lip and Palate of Cascavel (APOFILAB). For the control group, 90 panoramic radiographs of patients with no cleft or syndromes were selected. Panoramic radiographs with acceptable sharpness, contrast, and density were assessed by a single examiner who was previously calibrated. Cleft individuals presented higher prevalence of dental anomalies in permanent dentition when compared to the control group, while the same was not true for mixed dentition. There was a preference for the male gender, but no relationship between the type of dental anomaly and the gender of the patient analyzed. Agenesis was the most frequent type of dental anomaly among cleft patients of both genders. Regarding the dental element involved, in the cleft group, the first and second premolars were the teeth most affected by dental anomalies in permanent dentition and the second premolar was the teeth most affected by dental anomalies in the mixed dentition. On the other hand, the control group showed higher anomaly frequencies in second molars for mixed dentition and in canines and second molars for permanent dentition. In permanent dentition, the carriers of bilateral cleft lip presented more prevalence of supernumerary roots, and carriers of bilateral cleft lip and palate presented more frequency of supernumerary teeth. Based on these data, it was possible to confirm that cleft individuals are more prone to developing dental anomalies.