Análises físico-químicas e otimização da prensagem de crambe em extrusora mecânica sob variações de temperatura e umidade relativa dos grãos

Abstract

Brazil started a great economic development, involving all sectors of the country, but mainly the energy sector. At this juncture, oil produced through vegetables, and extracted through presses, has great advantage in the production of energy, especially in remote regions that need energy self-sufficiency, or even in regions with crops suitable for oil extraction. The aim of the present work was to improve the mechanical pressing process in the mechanical press, evaluating the effect of the independent variables of extraction temperature and the moisture content added to the crambe grains in the crude oil extraction yield. chemical and physical properties of crude oil and cake. The completely randomized design (DIC) with three replications, thus, each mechanical extraction of oil and cake was divided into four relative moisture contents of water added to the sample (0, 2, 3,5 and 5 %) and four temperature (80, 100, 120 and 140 ˚C) for the extraction of crambe oil and cake. The vegetable oils were evaluated through acidity index, oil moisture, specific mass and viscosity, as well as bromatology with crude fiber, ethereal extract, crude protein, starches, ash content and cake moisture content. The data collected from the samples of pie and crude oil of the crambe seed were analyzed according to the test of variance indicating if there are effects of the treatments. The coefficient (R2) was determined as a statistical parameter that relates the variance of the experimental points. The temperature range of 140 to 160 oC and relative humidity content of 5% the yield of numerical oil will be maximum (22,63 %). And the second highest yield is in the temperature range of 120 to 140 oC with relative humidity content of 2,0 % (20,19 %). The minimum numerical pie yield is in the temperature range of 140 to 160 ℃ and a relative humidity of 5 % (77,36%). And the second lowest numerical yield of pie is in the range of 120 to 140 ℃ with relative humidity content of 2,0 % (79,80 %). The values of specific mass, kinematic viscosity at 40 oC, acidity index and oil moisture content were 837 kg m-3, 37,14 mm² s-1, 2,59 mg g-1 KOH and 0,176 %. And the values of pie, crude fiber, lipids, protein, carbohydrates and ash were respectively 12,45, 3,37, 19,23, 26,80, 36,53 and 5,04 % for higher numerical yield, as well being possible to optimize the process of optimization of mechanical extraction of crambe.