Mercado de trabalho formal na região sul do Brasil: análise das desigualdades salariais entre homens e mulheres

Abstract

Brazil is marked by high social and economic inequalities, as well between regions as between people. In the formal work market such inequalities also turn out, mainly with relation the jobs and salaries between men and women. Some theories can be used for explanation these wage inequalities, among them, for example the theory of human capital, segmentation and discrimination. That way, this essay will leave these theories to try to explain the wage inequalities in the Southern region states of Brazil, that are between the most developed, and also present significant wage inequalities, therefore, being important to know its characteristics to try to minimize the differences existing. Starting from the idea that there are wage inequalities with men and women, the objective of essay is to explain the wage inequalities existing in the formal work market in each state of Southern region of Brazil in 2000, 2007 and 2014, and also in the economic sectors of the states, based on theories that seek to explain the wage inequalities. For this purpose, Mincer equations will be estimated using Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition technique, that will suit to decompose the wage inequalities in observable and unobservable aspects. The data used in the research are from RAIS- Annual Relation of Social Informations, developed by the Ministry of Labor and Employement. This research is relevant as the identification of characteristics of formal work market, and the knowledge of causes of wage inequalities have important implications for the effectiveness of public policies. Moreover, given the high social inequalities in Brazil, analyze the determinants of wage inequalities is relevant for the essay of Brazilian reality. The main results revealed that wage inequalities with men and women decreased in the period analyzed in the three states. Similarly, the wage discrimination against the women also decreased in the period, however, the main component to explain the wage inequalities with men and women in all states. In addition, it was noted that in work market and intrasectoral analysis of the three states, the segmentation variables contributed very little to explain wage inequalities, but the human capital variable, often contributed to reduce the differences, these being explained almost entirely by discrimination against women. Thus, it is suggested the need to develop policies aimed at combating discrimination in the work market, thus seeking to reduce wage inequalities.