Decomposição e mineralização de adubos orgânicos acondicionados em cápsulas porosas

Abstract

The western Paraná is a region that rears poultry, swine and cattle. Such activities produce significant amounts of waste. The increase on its amount is due to an animal intensive system, whose management is in feedlot and adopts large herds per unit area. The use of organic waste in agriculture is increasing due to some awareness of organic manure application in the studied region. Thus, this study aimed at investigating the decomposition of organic fertilizers produced in western Paraná as well as nutrients mineralization and the effect of their contents on soil bellow porous capsules, without and with irrigation. Porous capsules (ceramic candles) were used, whose diameter was 5.1 cm and 9.8 cm length. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with five treatments. Two trials were carried out: one with 100 capsules under irrigation and the second one without irrigation. The treatments were: pelletized vermicompost (V); pelletized vermicompost + phosphate Arad (VP); compost (C); biodynamic compost (BC); poultry litter of three batches (PL). In order to place the capsules, furrows were opened deeper than the capsules diameter (5 cm) and covered with a layer of soil. The capsules were put horizontally on soil profile. Irrigation was by drip. Samples of such organic materials were collected for analyses at 7, 14, 35, 65 and 100 days. The material inside capsules was oven-dried and weighed to determine decomposition by difference of mass. The contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron, copper and manganese of different organic materials were evaluated with and without irrigation. For soil, the same nutrients of organic materials were analyzed, except for nitrogen; besides, carbon contents were determined. The decomposition rate was estimated by logarithmic equations, as well as half-life of organic materials. The PL treatment without irrigation showed higher decomposition of organic materials (V, VP, C, CB), as well as for the irrigation system. On the other hand, the decomposition of organic materials (V, VP, C, CB) in the irrigated area was superior than without irrigation. The PL mineralization for nutrients as carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, zinc, iron, copper and manganese was higher in non-irrigated area when compared with the other treatments and in relation to the area under irrigation. The organic materials (V, VP, C and CB) in relation to nutrients as carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, zinc, iron, copper and manganese showed a better answer in mineralization when under an irrigation system.