Êxodo e Miséria: uma leitura de Vinhas da Ira, Vidas Secas e O Quinze.

Abstract

This work, Exodus and Misery: a reading of Grapes of Wrath, Vidas Secas and O Quinze , has the objective of analyzing the issues related to the misery and exodus in the books Vidas Secas (1938), by Graciliano Ramos, O Quinze (1930), by Rachel de Queiroz and Grapes of Wrath (1939), by the American writer John Steinbeck, looking for approaches and/or divergences regarding the exodus and the misery in those works; characterizing the nomadism and what it means to the familiar organization; noticing how the consequences of the exodus influence the posture of female, male and infantile characters in the mentioned books. It is also going to be analyzed the characters attitude conformism or reluctance based on their religious conceptions. This research work is divided into three chapters: the first, entitled "Foreigner in his own land: the nomadism in Grapes of Wrath, Vidas Secas and O Quinze , characterize nomadism and verifies its implications to the character histories in the books analyzed. The main works used as the theoretical base are: Du nomadisme, by Michel Maffessoli (2001); The sacred and the profane, by Mircea Eliade (1992); Céu, Inferno: ensaio de crítica literária e ideológica, by Alfredo Bosi (2003); John Steinbeck, by Warren French (1966) and Graciliano Ramos, organized by Sônia Brayner (1977). The second chapter, titled "The Female Condition and Posture in the Chaos of the Exodus", intend to analyze the women position and condition dealing with the adversities motivated by the nomadism situation in the books analyzed, taking as base the theoretical books Sobrados e Mucambos, by Gilberto Freyre (1951), The second sex, by Simone de Beauvoir (1960), The myth of motherhood: An Historical View of the Maternal Instinct, by Elisabeth Badinter (1980) and The Brazilian Family by Antonio Candido (1951). At last, in the third chapter, entitled "The Man, the Exodus and the Religious Sense", has the objective of analyzing three aspects: the male posture in front of the adversity motivated by the exodus and its relationship with its immemorial imago mundi; the religious symbolism in the books analyzed the Brazilian Catholicism and North American Puritan Protestantism , considering how the religious vision implies in a different posture to situations of poverty and misery; a short analysis about the social function and behavior of the child within those books during the exodus. For this analysis, the theoretical basis is formed by the books O Catolicismo Popular e a Igreja: conflitos e interações by Ricardo Luiz de Souza (2008), A Espiritualidade Norte-Americana na perspectiva de Paul Tillich, by Carlos Jeremiah Klein (2004) and the aforementioned works of Eliade (1992), Badinter (1980) and Bosi (2003).