A saúde mental de professores de uma escola estadual do Paraná: contribuições da aplicação de técnicas da terapia cognitivo comportamental

Abstract

Educators face significant challenges that can impact their mental health, including depression, anxiety, stress and emotional difficulties resulting from pressure in the school environment. Health and illness are multifaceted concepts that involve not only physical aspects, but emotional, social and psychological ones. In the educational context, illness can manifest itself in different ways, directly affecting the quality of life of teachers and, consequently, the school environment. This study aimed to identify whether group therapy techniques can reduce levels of stress, anxiety and depression among teachers in the state education system. This is an integrative literature review and descriptive case study field research, carried out in a state school in the city of Cascavel – PR. The integrative literature review was carried out in the Virtual Health Library databases, from July to August 2023, using complete research, in Portuguese, published between 2010 and 2023, with the following descriptors: education, mental health, teachers and Boolean ANDThe studies were organized into synoptic tables containing authors, year, title, methodology and results and classified according to the level of evidence. Being analyzed according to the literature on the subject. The following themes were identified: stress, anxiety and depression among teachers, excessive workload, depersonalization, mental fatigue, lack of recognition. The field research, descriptive of the case study type, was carried out with five readapted teachers from a state school in Western Paraná, from July to September 2022. To this end, all 20 teachers from the school were invited to participate and it was An instrument of questions was applied via Google Forms with the Mental Health Status Questionnaire, in order to identify teachers with some type of mental suffering between regular and very bad, who were invited to participate in the research. Of these, five teachers accepted. The psychological assessment instruments (BFP), Baptista Depression Scale Adult Version (EBADEP-A), and the Brief Symptom and Intervention Inventory (BSI) were then applied. From that moment on, group therapy meetings were held and, at the end, the aforementioned instruments were reapplied. The data obtained was systematized on computerized platforms and described. The study sample was five women, between 44 and 54 years old, with significant professional experience in public education, with ten group therapy meetings lasting 50 minutes. The analysis was carried out after corrections to the instruments, and their scores were displayed in comparative tables. The study findings indicate a reduction in levels of depression, anxiety and stress. These results highlight the importance of psychological support strategies in the educational environment, showing that promoting mental health among teachers is essential not only for the well-being of these professionals, but also for the quality of education offered to students. It is important to emphasize the need for more research and interventions aimed at the mental health of educators, recognizing education as a pillar for social development, but which must be accompanied by psychological support to guarantee the health of its professionals.