Mapeamento Tridimensional de Canais Radiculares em Raízes Mesiovestibulares de Primeiros Molares Superiores Permanentes: Estudo Retrospectivo em TCFC

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of anatomical variations in the mesiobuccal (MB) root of permanent maxillary first molars and their association with sex, age group, and laterality using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: A retrospective study was conducted using CBCT scans obtained from a specialized dental radiology clinic in Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil, between January 2024 and January 2025. Root morphology was categorized, and the presence of anatomical variations was assessed. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential tests (Pearson’s chi-square and Fisher’s exact test; α = 5%) with Jamovi software (v. 2.3.28). Results: A total of 100 teeth were analyzed. The prevalence of the mesiopalatal (MP) canal was 66%, with a predominance of independent apical foramen. No statistically significant association was found between anatomical variations and sex. Age group was significantly associated only with the presence of intercanal communication (p = 0.016), which was more frequent in younger individuals. Laterality showed a significant association exclusively with the presence of isthmus between teeth 16 and 26 (p = 0.026). Conclusion: The high anatomical complexity of the MB root reinforces the importance of CBCT as a complementary tool in endodontic planning, contributing to improved diagnostic accuracy, treatment predictability, and effective root canal system disinfection.