Avaliação integrada de serviços ecossistêmicos em parques urbanos: pesos ecológicos e sociais para priorização de manejo e políticas públicas

Abstract

Urban green parks are important providers of ecosystem services (ES), playing a crucial role in delivering environmental, social, and cultural benefits to urban populations. This dissertation is organized into two chapters, which together offer a comprehensive analysis of the topic. The first chapter presents a systematic literature review on ES in urban parks, analyzing 66 articles selected from an initial total of 381. The results indicate that cultural services are the most studied, followed by regulating services, and that the most commonly used assessment methods involve empirical protocols based on indicators. China stood out as the leading country in ecosystem services research. In the second chapter, an integrated assessment framework for ES in urban parks was developed, combining objective data and subjective perceptions. This approach was tested in five urban parks in Western Paraná, showing that larger parks with greater habitat diversity provide a better balance of ES. Local residents assigned greater value to cultural and regulating services, while environmental professionals emphasized services related to ecological conservation (regulating and supporting). The proposed framework is systematic, transparent, and applicable to routine planning processes, reinforcing that effective urban park management must reconcile objective measurements with social perceptions to enhance the provision of ecosystem services.