O éthos infantil: um ensaio ético-psicanalítico a partir das origens

Abstract

The central thesis advocated here is guided by the category of infantile éthos, a concept derived from a link established between ethics and psychoanalysis. To this end, initially, the research aims, based on a brief reconstitution of the original link between physis (Φύσις), éthos (ἔθος) and psyché (ψυχή) since Greek thought, to build a bridge between philosophy and psychoanalysis through the lens of phenomenology of the original éthos in a two-way street. That is, on the one hand, it starts from ethics towards psychoanalysis to focus on the specifically ethical dimension of psychoanalysis and, on the other, going from psychoanalysis to ethics to bring to light the dimension of desire present in action. In this sense, the study aims to reflect on the constitution of ethics starting from the transcription of physis into éthos by showing that, in psychoanalysis, something similar occurs, allowing it to be approached from an ethical dimension. In this way, it is worth justifying that through the perspective of the psychoanalytic clinic, the topic in question proposes to unite theorization with the subject's history, through the drive of desire, setting reason in motion to produce nuanced knowledge in the thesis. It is therefore a matter of investigating to what extent this action reveals the conflictive dimension in the existential dynamics from the original experience, that is, rooted in the origins of the psychic subject. Now, this is exactly what opens the possibility of thinking about the notion of a childish éthos. Thus, methodologically, through the phenomenology of éthos as a way of thinking about the passage from physis to éthos via praxis, it is also a question of phenomenologically and psychoanalytically circumscribing this perspective through the intimate relationship between primary process and secondary process via logos language (λόγος), in the analytical act. Finally, the research seeks to better understand the articulation between reason and desire in the light of this passage from physis to éthos that is understood, from a psychoanalytic perspective, from a primordial ground considering the drive dynamics that are constituted through the relationship between the child and the adult. This inventory is nuanced, above all, nowadays in a horizon opened by new studies on child brain development in the light of a hermeneutics of the lived experience.