Avaliação de um motor gerador de 5 kva operando no modo dual com diesel, biodiesel de crambe e biogás

Abstract

The constant search for new energy sources leads to need for new technological solutions, which require the analysis of some of the options for energy generation. This search assessed the behavior of an internal combustion engine in what concerns to the influence of gradual to total substitution of commercial diesel for crambe biodiesel and the influence of the use of biogas, with the engine running on dual mode. The items assessed were the diesel, biodiesel and biogas calorific power; the power generated according to the load (kW.kW-1); the specific consumption of liquid fuel (g.kWh-1); the energetic consumption (kJ.h-1); return/yield (%); the reduction of diesel-biodiesel consumption (%); gas emission: nitrogen oxides (NOx) and carbon monoxides (CO), and the variation of engine gas temperature. The experiment was performed at the Gas and micro-generation of electricity laboratory at the State University of West Parana (UNIOESTE), and in a pig fattening unit in the city of Medianeira PR. The diesel used in the experiment was composed of 95% mineral diesel and 5% biodiesel, according to current standards. Both diesel and biodiesel s inferior calorific power were assessed with an E2K calorimeter. Biogas was analyzed with DRAGER X-AM 7000. In order to assess the fuel, an OVAL flowmeter model M-III LSF41L0-M2 was used. Data was recorded by means of a FIELD LOGGER data logger, by NOVUS. The assessment of biogas consumption happened with the aid of a gas meter, by SCHIMBERGER, model GALLUS 1000. Data were transferred to an electronic spreadsheet. The electricity generated was measured by analyzer AE-200, by INSTRUTHERM. The equipment used in the analysis of gas emission and temperature was BACHARACH s PCA-3. The Inferior Calorific Power (PCI) found was 40141 kJ.kg-1 for diesel and 36853 kJ.kg-1 for crambe biodiesel. Methane concentration in biogas was 66% and its PCI was 23.7 MJ.m-3. The electric power generated in normal mode was up to 33% lower than in dual mode for the trial with B100. The specific consumption of the liquid fuel was lower in dual mode than in normal mode. The maximum efficiency in normal mode was 23.32% with diesel at a load of 5 kW and 14.58% in dual mode with B75 and load of 4 kW. Maximum economy was 87% for loads of 2 and 3 kW of the trial with B100. NOx emission was lower with the insertion of biogas. Regarding CO emission, there wasn t a trend on the interference of biodiesel proportions and biogas insertion. The gas exhaustion temperature increased with the insertion of biogas and with load raise, reaching values over 500°C.