Nietzsche e o antagonismo ao pecado.

Abstract

This thesis presents Nietzsche's thoughts on sin. The arguments used by the philosopher to express his antagonism to the notion of sin move the philosophical discussion on this subject. Given the scale of this criticism within Nietzsche's writings, this research focuses on his entire oeuvre, including his private notes. Looking at the philosopher's reflections from Human, All Too Human (1878) to Twilight of the Idols (1888), we investigate whether his conception of man's innocence can be understood as a counterpoint to the notion of sin. In order to properly analyze this question, we first contextualize the German philosopher's interpretation of Christianity. In his view, Christianity distorted the meaning of life by projecting the ideal of eternal life. By analyzing the main divergences between his thought and Christian imperatives, we see the circumstances of his opposition to sin. In the second part of the thesis, we investigate aspects of the Christian perspective on sin. Noting the relevance of Augustine's in the context of philosophical discussions on the subject and Nietzsche's criticism of his arguments, we also analyzed the Christian philosopher's writings on sin, free will and the importance of his interpretation of original sin. We researched these conceptions of Augustine, expressed above all in Free Will; The City of God; Confessions; The Sermon on the Mount and in The Grace of Christ and Original Sin. From these investigations we see that, while for Nietzsche all existences are innocent, for Augustine, man is born a sinner. While the Christian philosopher believes in sin as an absolute truth, the German philosopher interprets sin as an invention of Christianity. In the third part of the thesis, we analyze Nietzsche's perspective on sin in more detail. Taking sin as a disease that implies physiological degeneration, the philosopher proceeds to a genealogy of sin, questions its origin, indicates its harmful effects and destroys its foundations. Driven by creative impulses that he considers higher, the philosopher not only expresses the negative aspects of sin, but also announces his hypothesis about man's innocence. In the last part of the thesis, we investigate Nietzsche's conception on innocence and the assumptions that highlight its antagonism to the concept of sin. Presented as part of his philosophical destiny, the German philosopher's perspective on the total innocence of man instigates debate on the concepts of free will and sin. We believe that Nietzsche's perspective on innocence reveals his antagonism to the concept of sin.