Qualidade de vida no trabalho, ansiedade, depressão e estresse na equipe de enfermagem de uma uti covid-19: uma visão quanti qualitativa

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the factors associated with the risk of anxiety, depression, stress (ADE), as well as the impact on the quality of life at work (QWL) among professionals from the nursing team of an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) intended for the treatment of patients affected by COVID-19 and understand the impact of the pandemic scenario on their lives. Methodology: A quantitative and qualitative study was developed, involving the nursing team working in this ICU specialized in the care of patients affected by COVID-19. At first, quantitative data were collected with a probabilistic sample, using two validated instruments, Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scales (DASS-21) and Total Quality of Work Life-42 (TQWL-42), with the aim of assessing levels of ADE and QVT, respectively; in addition to the sociodemographic and labor characterization instrument. They were sent to the participants by email and/or messaging application, through an electronic form, in which the individuals attested their authorization to participate, before responding to the instruments. 106 professionals responded to the instruments. In the qualitative phase, the sample was intentional-random, involving professionals with some change in QWL and ADE levels (n=20), with 12 professionals meeting the inclusion criteria in the study. Data were collected through recorded interviews, carried out in person, at a previously scheduled time and place, guided by a semi-structured script, with the intention of understanding the impact factors of COVID-19 in their lives (QWL and ADE). All regulations to protect the study subjects were followed. Quantitative data analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26.0; and qualitative data, the Atlas.ti software was used to assist in its organization, and then, Minayo's thematic analysis was used. Results: 106 nursing professionals participated in the study, with a selection of 20 (18.9%) of them having been selected for the qualitative study, as they presented some level of alteration in QWL and ADE concomitantly; 12 (60%) of them met the inclusion criteria of the qualitative study. The presence of some level of anxiety and/or depression was identified in 49.5% of nursing professionals, being related to shorter time since graduation and greater workload. Stress was present in 35.8%, but it was not possible to identify a relationship with the studied variables. The categories that emerged from the participants' speeches were: 1) Experiencing changes in social life; 2) Experiencing work in the COVID-19 ICU; 3) Experiencing feelings; 4) Trying to ensure patient safety; and 5) Suggesting improvements to the service. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic left deep marks on the mental health of nursing professionals who provided care during this period, having a direct association with the time since graduation and work overload. It is necessary to bring together public policies aimed at patient safety and worker safety, given the reflection of one in the other and the main objective being quality care provided by safe health professionals