Análise dos parâmetros de um inversor fonte de tensão empregando técnicas ativas no contexto de perda e suportabilidade de rede

Abstract

The loss of mains event is an unintentional event in which a portion of the electrical grid becomes isolated, necessitating early detection to prevent damages. On the other hand, it is necessary to ensure that Distributed Generation (DG) remains connected within the operational limits established in current procedures to avoid improper shutdowns. Hence, the analysis of DG behavior based on inverters becomes essential, especially in a scenario with high grid penetration. This study examines a Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) in relation to loss of mains events and tests for ride-through requirements. The analysis comprehends the variation of gains in active islanding detection methods such as Sandia Frequency Shift (SFS) and General Electric Voltage Scheme (GEVS), as well as the variation of parameters in the Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) used for grid synchronization. Simulations were conducted using the PSIM® software, developing a model based on data from a VSI at the UNIOESTE microgrid laboratory. Additionally, the inverter control was designed considering both isolated and connected operation scenarios, and it was implemented in the C Block component of the PSIM® software. This approach provides a structure for future experimental benchtop implementations. The simulation results underscored the significant influence of parameters and gains in active techniques on the behavior of voltage and frequency signals, in both unintentional loss of mains cases and non-nominal operational conditions. Concerning ride-through requirements tests, it became evident that the idealized conditions for loss of mains detection do not necessarily apply, underscoring the importance of a deep understanding of the internal functioning of inverters and their detection techniques.