Espírito materno e função materna: Buytendijk e o discurso psicanalítico acerca da gênese da subjetividade maternal

Abstract

The research aims to approach the genesis of maternal subjectivity through a dialogue between F. J. J. Buytendijk and Psychoanalysis (in particular, in its Lacanian approach). In this perspective, the analysis specifically seeks to discuss two corollary concepts, Buytendijk's notion of “mother spirit” and the psychoanalytic notion of “maternal role”. Therefore, as a general objective, we will analyze how this approximation or convergence can, strictly speaking, be legitimized. The research, then, is justified in at least three purposes. First, from a personal desire, aims to expand clinical knowledge around maternal subjectivity. The second concerns the fact that the experience of motherhood is not something predetermined, restricted only to the act of giving birth to a baby, but a construction of human subjectivity as a being in the world. Finally, thirdly, regarding conducting a study through an onto-phenomenological description of an experience that is transfigured in the world as a subjective and intersubjective construct. The hypothesis that we will support here is that Buytendijk presents the notion of the psychological genesis of the maternal spirit as an anthropological concept, methodologically guided by a hermeneutic-existential approach in which it seeks to understand the maternal experience beyond biological, purely instinctive reductionism. For the author, the experience of motherhood not only occurs through the physical-biological characteristics of corporeality, but is infused thought an intentionality movement in a dialectical perspective. From this point of view, we seek to approach psychoanalysis (in particular, from a Lacanian approach), since the fulfillment of the maternal function depends on the subject as a mother, being desiring. It is through the unconscious desire to have a child that the mother becomes capable of performing her role, being responsible for inscribing the baby in a symbolic chain, that is, in the culture. For psychoanalysis, the maternal function is a necessary function for the structuring and development of the child's psyche.