Análise do efeito de tratamentos periodontais na evolução da periodontite em crianças portadoras de cardiopatia congênita e crianças com coração estruturalmente normal

Abstract

The effects of periodontal disease in the oral cavity are well known, however, they can also produce systemic side effects, including the association with the acquired cardiovascular disease. It may be possible to accept as mechanisms of this interrelation, the changes in the lipid metabolism, the inflammatory markers action, which are common to both diseases, and also the direct action of oral bacteria in the atherosclerosis process. Thus, due to the biological associations between diseases and the fact of the atherosclerosis to begin in the childhood period, a behavior based on oral health care and metabolic control, from an early age, is essential for patients with cardiovascular disease. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of two periodontal treatment methods, such as the conventional scaling and root planing (SRP) and the full-mouth scaling and root planing (FMSRP), applied to children suffering from periodontal disease with congenital heart disease and structurally normal heart. In this study, the treatments were related to the clinical periodontal parameters [plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL) and bleeding on probing (BOP)] as well as the blood parameters, such as lipid profile [total cholesterol (TC) and fractions, triglycerides (TRG)] and inflammatory markers [fibrinogen (FGN), C-reactive protein (CRP ULTRA), interleukin 6 (IL6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF&#61537;)]. The patients were divided into 4 groups: group 1 (17) - Congenital Heart Disease and SRP, group 2 (14) - Normal Heart and SRP, group 3 (16) Congenital Heart Disease and FMSRP and group 4 (15) - Normal Heart and FMSRP. The results showed a significant improvement in clinical periodontal parameters (p <0.05) in the studied groups. Considering the lipid parameters, there was a greater evidence in the TC, TRG and VLDL parameters results, with a significant improvement (p <0.05). There was also an improvement in PCR ULTRA with the congenital heart disease and also normal children treated with SRP (p <0,05). The FGN and IL6 parameters (p <0.05) were really improved in all groups. Thus, within these results, we conclude that both periodontal treatments were effective in these children groups