Análise espacial da Síndrome de Imunodeficiência Adquirida - AIDS na faixa de fronteira do Brasil

Abstract

The present study aims to carry out a spatial analysis of the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - AIDS in the Border Range of Brazil in the period from 2008 to 2018. In these regions, contact between countries overcomes geographical barriers, it is necessary to respond to the issues that emerge at the borders. At first, a quantitative ecological study was carried out, using secondary and retrospective data on AIDS cases on a municipal scale and annual interval, through the analysis of crude incidence rates and Bayesian statistics, based on the characteristics of the 588 municipalities in the of Border. The variables were grouped and discussed according to place of residence; age group; Education and Sex. Then, the analysis of AIDS mortality was performed, considering all deaths recorded with the codes of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems – 10th Revision (ICD-10, codes B20 to B24). Subsequently, Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (AEDE) is used to evaluate the formation of clusters in relation to the empirical Bayesian incidence rate and its spatial correlation with socioeconomic data and the analysis of the Kernel Estimate, to identify elements that may contribute to the understanding of space-time evolution. Statistical data were collected from several sources: Department of Information and Informatics (DATASUS), an agency of the Ministry of Health that centralizes and makes available data from the main national health information systems, the Information System for Notifiable Diseases (SINAN) which makes publicly available annual data on AIDS notifications in the national territory, the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) and the United Nations Development Program (UNDP). The results demonstrate the existence of a pattern of evolution of the incidence and mortality rates in the Border Strip unique when compared to the Brazilian territory. The spatial correlation analysis strategy showed that the set of socioeconomic and demographic variables considered in this study demonstrate associations with the local incidence of AIDS, and these associations varied geographically across the study area. Thus, it is understood that the distribution of the incidence of AIDS in the Border Strip is not random and homogeneous, but is directly influenced by its geographical location.