Abortos e malformações congênitas em filhos de mulheres residentes em áreas de exposição a agrotóxicos na região oeste do Paraná Brasil

Abstract

Agribusiness in Brazil bases its production on the intensive use of pesticides, responsible for several health problems in the exposed populations, particularly of municipalities located in agricultural areas. Many pesticides are potent endocrine disrupters with deleterious effects on the reproductive system, and exposure of women of childbearing potential can compromise embryonic development, lead to miscarriages, and congenital malformations (CM). In this sense, this study aimed to analyze cases of spontaneous abortion and MC in children of women living in agriculturally and pesticide exposed areas. Descriptive research with a cross - sectional design covered the population survey, with the application of the questionnaire adapted for the evaluation of chronic intoxications by pesticides, from the State Health Department of Paraná. The socioeconomic profile of the population was evaluated in a sample of 256 respondent families, totaling 495 people. MOP (9,29%), abortions (9,3%), contact with pesticides (66,1%), use of personal protective equipment (PPE) (9,9%) and intoxications (11,3%). In the general sample, there were 11,9 times more chances of miscarriage in men and women with 3 or more intoxications. In the samples considering only women, there were 17,1 times more chances of having abortions who had 3 or more episodes of intoxication. Also in the general sample, those who used EPI were 3,97 times more likely to have children with MC and, considering only the sample of women, the chances of having children with MC were 5 times higher. Official government data on spontaneous abortions and MC were also obtained in the National System of Live Births of the Ministry of Health (SINASC), between 1995 and 2015, which recorded in the period 9 (1,04%) cases of abortions and 9 (1,04%) of MC in Anahy. Thus, the data obtained in Anahy, an agricultural region in the western part of the state of Paraná, Brazil, revealed that the population of the municipality was exposed to pesticides, with reports of intoxications, and those who had intoxications showed a higher chance of abortions and MC in gestation; still, the use of PPE was not enough to avoid CM. These facts suggest risks between the application of agrochemicals and the proximity of the population to arable areas. The official government records on the SINASC / DATASUS website allowed the evaluation with a larger sample number, validating the occurrences of abortions and MC. The research carried out presents data that may contribute to the strengthening of health surveillance of populations exposed to pesticides, and provides relevant information in the formulation of policies to monitor and control the use of pesticides in the State.