Síntese enzimática do biodiesel do óleo da semente de Baru (Dipteryx Alata) a partir de lipases fúngicas de Penicillium sumatrense por fermentação em estado sólido

Abstract

The interest in the production of lipases is related to its technological potential as a biocatalyst in hydrolysis and synthesis reactions such as esterification, transesterification (interesterification, alcoholysis and acidolysis), as well as aminolysis (synthesis of amides) and lactonization, in aquo-restricted medium, when the amount of water in the system is low enough to shift the balance towards the synthesis. Solid State Fermantation (SSF) emerge as an alternative to reduce production costs of the biocatalyst, since it is possible to use agro-industrial waste as substrates. The objective of this work was to study the production of fungal lipase from Penicillium sumatrense by SSF using baru seed (Dipterix alata) as substrate. The microorganism used, Penicillium sumatrense, was isolated from castor leaves (Ricinus communis L.) and identified by ribosomal DNA sequencing. The enzymatic activity was determined by the titrimetric method using olive oil as a substrate. In order to optimize the production of lipases, an experimental design 2² was carried out, aiming to evaluate the effects of the variables involved in the process (substrate size and moisture). The response variable chosen was the enzymatic activity total units (U). The statistical analyzes were performed using Statistica 7.0 software. The results of the experimental design indicated that the enzymatic activity was maximum (237.0 U) when used a substrate moisture of 60% (m / m, wet basis), substrate granulometry of 15 mesh, 28 °C, after 72 h fermentation. The fermented and dry solid, produced in the best result of the experimental design (23.7 U gSS-1 or 237,0 U). It was verified, through the spectrophotometric method, that the yield into biodiesel ester (ethyl oleate) was 100%.