Prevalência de alterações citopatológicas no colo uterino em mulheres de um município do Sudoeste Paranaense e potencias fatores de risco

Abstract

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is considered the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI) in the world. It is estimated that 25% to 50% of the female population and 50% of the male population are infected by this virus. Most of the time HPV infection regresses spontaneously. However, it may persist leading to intraepithelial transformations and precursor lesions, which if not identified and properly treated may progress to cancer, especially in the cervix. The present study aims to determine the prevalence of cytopathological changes and potential risk factors in women who have been attended in the health services of the Unified Health System (SUS), in the municipality of Francisco Beltrão-PR, Brazil. The study is cross-sectional with the participation of 350 women, who accepted to participate in the survey responding to a questionnaire with socioeconomic, sexual/ gynecological variables and life habits. A sample of cervical cells was also collected for cytopathological analysis. The average age was 41.4 years; with a white self-declared majority, with at least nine years of study and with a stable affective relationship. In the female population investigated it was observed that 69.5% started the sexual life with less than or equal to 18 years old, 40.6% had only one sexual partner in life; 60.6% denied practicing oral sex; only 8.6% reported a known history of STI, predominantly caused by HPV. In the microbiological analysis, 74% of the samples presented normal microbiota. The presence of the genera Gardnerella, Candida and Trichomonas were observed in lower frequencies, 11.7%, 2.6% and 0.3% respectively. More than 96% of the participants did not present neoplastic alterations. However, in twelve of them cellular alterations were identified, with LSIL being the most common, followed by HSIL, ASCH, AGC-US, ASC-US and AGC-US+LSIL. Tobacco use was reported by 10.3% of women and 98% of them do not consume or consume alcohol at most twice a week. Routine condom use was reported by 14.6% and 68.6% reported having used at some point in their oral contraceptive life. The results of bivariate analysis and logistic regression indicated as a previous risk factors for STI, contraceptive use and tobacco use (p <0.001) as potential risk factors. Early detection of cervical intraepithelial lesions and knowledge of risk factors contributes to a reduction in both incidence and mortality from cervical cancer in the investigated population.