Gestão estrutural e financeira do plantio de grãos no Estado do Paraná a partir da proibição da soja safrinha

Abstract

Paraná state has great importance in the Brazilian agricultural scenario, contributing significantly to the grains exportation. This characteristic is historical by presenting the appropriate soil and climate for cultivation, occupying the position of the second largest state of soybeans and corn in the country, being the first one, in world soybean yield in the 2016/2017 harvest, but despite the expressive productivity, the state suffers losses with asian rust, caused by the fungus Phakopsora pachyrhizi. As a preventive measure, a period of sanitary emptiness was instituted, besides the prohibition of the planting of the soybean mini crop. Therefore, the study seeks to answer the following question: Which changes did occur in the production structure and the financial reflection generated by the ban on soybean mini crop planting in Paraná State? Three grain crops were analyzed: soybeans, corn and beans, the latter two by being options for planting to farmers in the period of soybean ban. It was used mathematical calculations as a simple and weighted mean, in addition to the statistical tests of paired means (t Student‟s and Wilcoxon's tests). Comparisons were made between the 2016/2017 harvest and the average of the period comprising the harvests 2010/2011 to 2015/2016, being analyzed two aspects in each culture: the production structure and the financial reflexes. Regarding the production structure, considering the variables: area in hectares, production in tons and yield in kilograms per hectare, and in the second aspect the variables: revenues received by producers, production costs and the result obtained by farmers. Based on the agency theory, directing to the resolution of the agency conflicts from public governance, in the sense of seeking regional development. It was concluded that there was a significant difference in the structure of production with positive variation in the soybean crop, in terms of production and yield. In corn crop, in the first crop, there was a reduction of production area and increase of yield, whereas, in the second crop there was a positive variation in the three variables. Beans showed significant differences in the first harvest with area reduction and yield increase, and in the second crop area increase. Still in the production structure, considering the unification of the first and second crops, only significant differences were identified in the three soybean variables, and in corn production and yield. Regarding the financial impact, the soybean showed significant differences in the first crop in revenues, costs and results with reduction of profits. Corn presented significant differences, reducing revenues and increasing losses in the first crop, and in the second crop showed increased costs and losses. While beans in the first and second crop reduced costs and increased profits.