A Influência do significado do dinheiro na atitude ao endividamento dos acadêmicos dos cursos de administração, do sudoeste do Paraná

Abstract

This research consists on verifying the defining factors in attitude to indebtedness in academics, of first and fourth years, of administration courses of southwest of Paraná, in the year 2017. In the theoretical background was covered the concepts of behavioral finance and indebtedness, which are essential to comprehension of meaning of money concept. It was utilized the technic of cluster analyses and descriptive statistics to identify the academics profiles, and was used factor analyses and multiple linear regression, to verify the meaning of money, and the attitude to indebtedness and its influence, respectively. Finally, it was utilized the Wilcoxon test to verify the differences in the attitude to indebtedness. The sample was composed by 561 academics, in which 341 are entering students and 220 are senior students. After the tests, it was possible to determine that the first year academics profile was formed by two clusters, the first cluster depicts older academics, which have debts and those were delayed, and the main debt was related to the credit card. The second cluster formation covered younger academics, which do not have debts and mostly don’t use credit card. The fourth year academics profile also was formed by two clusters. The first of them was composed by younger academics, which don’t have children, spend a large part of the income with personal spending and don’t have debts. The second cluster was formed by older academics, which have children and dependents, dedicate a large part of the budget to householding spending, more than half have some sort of debts, in which the main debt was the real state financing. In the Meaning of Money Scale (MMS) were obtained ten factors for the first year academics: power; conflict; happiness; culture; spirituality; neurosis; detachment; suffering; interest and stability. In relation to Attitude to Indebtedness Scale, were obtained two factors: payment preference and domain. The meaning of money influence on Payment Preference, for the first year academics, obtained the following significant factors: Suffering, Culture and Happiness, where Culture had negative influence. And for Domain, were found Conflict and Spirituality with positive influence. As for the fourth year academics, only one variable had influence on Payment Preference factor, which was Spirituality, with positive influence. The Domain factor was determined by Falsity, Conflict and Happiness variables, with positive influence. Were not identified difference between the first and fourth years academics in relation to the attitude to indebtedness, in other words, the first year academics attitudes will be the same when they reach the fourth year. It is highlighted the importance of financial education since the initial years of the formal education. In short, it is believed that money have meanings, which goes far beyond the exchange, having cultural and social values.