A competitividade e o desempenho das exportações de carne de aves das cooperativas paranaenses (2006-2016)

Abstract

Brazilian Agroindustry Cooperatives have been assuming a prominent role in the international scenario, which is the reason why this study was developed, with the objective of analyze the performance and competitiveness of the Poultry Export Cooperatives in Paraná state from 2006 to 2016. Despite the known relevance of international trade for the Brazilian and especially the Parana’s agribusiness sector, which in turn has a large part of its performance supported by Agroindustry Cooperatives, the scientific production on the subject is low, highlighting the existence of a research gap. Thus, it is justified to carry out this study because of the economic importance of the cooperatives of Paraná for international trade in the Brazilian Agroindustry Sector, especially in the poultry meat segment, as well as the social role played by cooperatives as a source of support for small farmers. In the research the export performance of the six meat exporting poultry cooperatives was analyzed. Data collection was done through the Foreign Trade Information Analysis System (Alice Web), the Brazilian Secretariat of Foreign Trade (Secex), the United Nations Commodity Trade Data Base (UnComtrade) and the World Trade Organization (WTO). The data were analyzed by several methods, such as: Constant Market Share Method - CMS; Exporter Effort Index - IEE; Revealed Comparative Advantage Index - IVCR; Regional Guidance Index - IOR; Coverage index – IC and Frequency index - IF. The results point to the strength of the cooperatives analyzed, with numbers that outperform the performance of Paraná and Brazil. Through the Regional Guidance Index, it was possible to identify that the exports of the cooperatives of Paraná are oriented towards China and South Africa. Through the Comparative Advantages Revealed Index, it was possible to identify that the cooperatives of Paraná have indices much superior to those of Brazil and the major poultry meat producing countries. The Export Effort Index of the cities of Paraná where the slaughterhouse of the cooperatives under study are located reveals the dependence of the cities’ s economy on the exports of these companies. Through the Coverage and Frequency Index, it was found that the European Union presented a high index of protectionism, which explains the fall in volumes exported to Europe in the period analyzed.