Espacialização dos teores de proteína e óleo de soja e milho e sua correlação com os atributos do solo e produtividade

Abstract

The importance of Brazil's agricultural activity boosts for researches that can be developed with different focuses such as the influence of soil properties on crops and spatial analysis of soil, in order to achieve a better management, with less environmental impact and increase crop yield as soybeans and maize. Besides yield, studies involving parameters such as quality are essential, since raw materials are seen as a possibility to be used in industry. Thus, this trial aimed at carrying out spatial analysis of quality parameters for soybean and maize (protein and oil content). The index of spatial dependence was calculated, while thematic maps were drawn. Further, analysis of spatial correlation among these parameters and attributes of soil was carried out as well as physical (soil penetration resistance) and chemical of soil (P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn MO, Al, pH, H+Al, SB, SMP e Sat. Al, texture (sand, silt and clay), altitude and yield were also recorded. This trial was carried out in two areas (A and B) cropped with soybeans (summer crop) and maize (winter maize) under no-tillage system. Among the studied attributes, K content was significantly correlated (positively) with soybean protein in both experimental areas (A and B) as well as in both studied agricultural years (2012/2013 and 2013/2014.). Clay and mechanical resistance to penetration at 20-30 cm depth showed negative correlation with soybean protein in area B in both agricultural years. Soybean protein and its oil were inversely correlated in both experimental areas: area A (2013/14) and area B in both years (2012/13 and 2013/14). The corn protein showed no spatial dependence. But the oil content presented moderate spatial dependence and showed an inverse correlation with productivity in both areas under study.