Profundidades de semeadura na emergência de cártamo (Carthamus tinctorius L.)

Abstract

There is a demand for alternative energies, especially for a substitution of the fossil fuels. In this sense there are several options, such as photovoltaic, wind, geothermal, hydraulic and energy crops. The safflower, a new culture in the market that has high oil content in its seeds. Its oil is rich in oleic and linoleic oxides and can be approved for therapeutic purposes, food and still be used for a biofuel production. Although a plant known for many years by ancient civilizations, there are not many studies on its physiology especially with regard to germinative tests. For this purpose, this work aims to evaluate the germination of four different types of safflower at six seeding depths. The experiment was carried out in the experimental field of the Western Paraná State University, in Cascavel, being divided in two stages: in protected environment and field. In protected environment the experimental units were constituted of vessels with diameter of 0.10 m and with 0.20 m of height, maintaining 0.05 m of water sheet. Using 10 seeds per pot, being filled with substrate composed of vermiculite and macronutrients. For the field, the experimental units were divided into 3 blocks consisting of lines with 1.50 m, with 30 seeds spaced at 0.05 m, with 0.30 m of spacing between rows, totaling 6.0 m by 1.8 m blocks. In the analyzes, a 5x4 factorial was performed, with four replicates of 5 depths (0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08 and 0.10 m) and 4 genotypes. Having analyzed the percentage, speed index, mean time, means of emergence and morphometric characteristics of the plant. High emergence rates were observed for smaller seeding depths, ranging from 60 to 80%. At the deepests seedings, the averages were below 50%. At the depth of 0 m there was no emergency for both sites. For IVE the averages ranged from 0.47 to 1.34 seeds per day for the protected environment and 2.26 to 16.42 seeds per day for the field experiment. For genotypes the IMA-2103 68% and 60%, for protected environment and field. The IVE was 1.12 and 9.69 seeds per day. Thus, for both sites, the IMA-2103 had the best performance for the indices evaluated. The depths indicated for planting are 2 and 4cm.