Uso de efluente de biodigestor da suinocultura no cultivo de nabo forrageiro

Abstract

The effluent from pig farming has been applied to the soil in order to promote greater availability of nutrients such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), in several cultures and as an alternative for disposing of these effluents in water bodies. However, this practice generates concerns regarding to the possibility of generating diffuse pollution in the environment. The crop of oil radish is used as a green manure in sequential cropping and may be promising for the production of biodiesel, requiring considerable amounts of nutrients for its development. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of effluent coming from the anaerobic digestion of swine (EBS) in the cultivation of oil radish. The experiment was installed in an area of 0.162 ha in the Experimental Center of Agricultural Engineering (NEAA) of Western University of Paraná UNIOESTE, in the city of Cascavel, PR. The treatments were based on the type of irrigation: not irrigated, irrigated and fertigated with EBS at doses of 370 m3 ha-1 cycle-1. After each rainfall event, the water materials were collected from drainage lysimeters previously installed in the area and analyzed for macro and micronutrients losses. The soil of the experimental area was also analyzed for possible changes in physical and chemical characteristics. In the plant, agronomic rates and nutrients in dry matter were evaluated. Subsequently, the grains were tested for post-harvest. The results showed that the application of EBS at a rate of 370 m3 ha-1, under the conditions in which this experiment was conducted, did not change the soil characteristics and the fertigation and irrigation allowed higher productivity of grains and agronomical parameters for the crop. Furthermore, the application of EBS provided nutrient losses in runoff and leachate, which could influence the quality of surface water and groundwater, but in general, not to higher levels than the ones accepted by the legislation.