O fenômeno dos movimentos pendulares dos trabalhadores intermunicipais entre cidades de porte médio: o caso de Cascavel e Toledo (PR).

Abstract

The central objective of this work was to examine the phenomenon of pendulum movements between the medium size towns of Cascavel and Toledo, located in the West Mesoregion of the State of Paraná. The importance of studying the phenomenon of pendulum movements, specifically of the commuters, is due to the diffusion of the urban tendencies in the great centers and for the great potential that the phenomenon has in spreading out across the national territory and, fundamentally as a result of the growth of the medium towns in the country. First, the theoretical approaches about the urban subject were collected, mainly of the nets and urban hierarchies, as they are fundamental for the function of the urban movements. After that, some considerations about the internal migrations and pendulum movements were made. The methodological research prioritized two points: the analysis of literature and field research developed with the metropolitan bus passengers. For this purpose, it was adopted as criterion for the medium towns, the municipal districts with a population between one thousand to five thousand inhabitants in Brazil. In the results, a socioeconomic profile of the population that uses the metropolitan bus as means of transportation for the commuting between the towns of Cascavel and Toledo was drawn. It was possible to observe that 70,33% of the interviewees was employed and that the great majority (58,75%) had upper or secondary education levels. Another evidence was that 54.67% of the interviewed ones received up to 4 minimum wages as familiar income. Thus, the information related to the commuters to Cascavel-Toledo and Toledo-Cascavel were analyzed, indicating characteristics such as sex, age, education, wage, income, sector of occupation, expended average time in commuting and, also, the frequency of these movements. After the analysis of the commuters profile, it was observed that they presented economic factors, such as motivation, to commute and social factors as reasons for not to migrate to the cities they were working. Therefore, such data has evidenced some particular trends and specific uses of the metropolitan bus as an inter-municipal movement. It was confirmed the hypothesis that a flow of commuters between the medium provincial towns of Cascavel and Toledo, such as those presented by the urban trends in the great centers and in the metropolitan regions are occurring in small country towns.