Digestato de abatedouro frigorífico de aves como biofertilizante para plantas de feijão

Abstract

Mineral fertilizers, used extensively for agricultural crops around the world, have high toxicity and low biodegradation capacity if used improperly, affecting soil, water, the atmosphere and therefore living beings. Among the alternatives that can be beneficial to crop management, the use of biofertilizers can provide quality products for human consumption, associated with the maintenance of the soil ecosystem and reducing the risk of environmental pollution. The use of biofertilizers derived from animal manure and agroindustrial effluents have been used as a source of macro and micronutrients for plants, adding value to these environmental liabilities. In this context, this research aims to evaluate the influence of different dosages of biofertilizer from poultry slaughterhouse effluent on the initial development of the bean crop, as an alternative to conventional chemical fertilizers. The experiment was developed at the Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural - IDR, regional research center of Santa Tereza do Oeste, using eutroferric Red Latosol. Using the experimental design RBD - Randomized Block Design in a factorial scheme, two digestates were applied as biofertilizers, in addition to the control, and an additional treatment of chemical fertilization with NPK fertilizer of 10-30-10 formulation. To promote a nutritional balance for the crop, the amount of biofertilizer applied was defined based on the total nitrogen concentration of 56.6 mg/l and 37.5 mg/l, respectively, with the mineral fertilizer having a total nitrogen concentration of 56.6 mg/l. Under these conditions, for phytometric parameters, similar results of stem, height, number of leaves, chlorophyll, and dry mass of the aerial part were verified in all treatments. For leaf analysis parameters, a mass dilution effect was observed in the biofertilizer treatments, resulting in a disproportionate increase in plant biomass in relation to nutrient concentration. The results obtained demonstrated that the use of digestate from poultry manure as a biofertilizer for common bean culture can be an alternative to mineral fertilizers. Such as to influence new studies to research with different doses of biofertilizers from other sources in the nutrition of plants.