Avaliação dos hormônios sexuais femininos sobre o tecido ósseo de ratas obesas submetidas à periodontite experimental

Abstract

Obesity has been the subject of several controversies, whether in scientific circles or among the general population. Few subjects call so much attention to society and researchers, whether due to the huge number of obese people worldwide, or due to its potential complications to the health of individuals. Several chronic diseases have been associated with obesity among them periodontal diseases, which may be associated with bone resorption and have its mechanisms intensified in obesity. Nowadays, it is demonstrated that the bone tissue undergoes influence of obesity, so that female sex hormones seem an important link between obesity and bone mass gain in obese patients. Given the importance of obesity and its considerable relation to periodontal disease and bone tissue the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the hormonal influence on periodontal tissues of adult female mice in proestrus phase of the estrous cycle, with experimentally induced obesity, through the cafeteria diet, whether or not associated with periodontal disease. For this study 20 adult female mice cycling, in proestrus phase of the estrous cycle were divided into control group (CON), ligature group (LIG), cafeteria group (CAF) and cafeteria and ligature group (CAFLIG). At 75 days of life, the animals from groups LIG and CAFLIG received a ligature around the right mandibular first molar which acted as a gum irritating for 30 days, favoring the accumulation of bacterial plaque and the consequent development of periodontal disease. After euthanasia, at 105 days of life, it was held the blood collection from the right brain stem to determine the estradiol and progesterone concentrations by using specific kits; and the dissection of the right hemi mandible, which was submitted to histological analysis. The obtained data were analyzed and evaluated using the ANOVA and Tukey tests so that the results showed a decrease in the concentration of female sex hormones when obesity and periodontal disease were associated; in the same way it was observed an evident bone resorption and a change in the morphology of the bone tissue in the group CAF/LIG. Based on the results obtained the current study can conclude that the decrease in female sex hormones associated with obesity and periodontal disease negatively influenced on the mandibular bone tissue