Características e mensuração do exército industrial de reserva brasileiro, 2000 a 2015

Abstract

This dissertation proposes to discuss the extension of the Reserve Army of Labor (RAL) and its main characteristics, from a different perspective from traditional Marxism. Admitting that in contemporary society the rationalized workforce of the Active Army is greater than the amounts of human energy absorbed - in absolute terms - and that work is considered an ethical-moral principle. It was discussed, then, the expansion of new forms of work, due to the adjustment of the working class to the needs of capital appreciation, so that the new configuration of the productive structure, which, among other forms, manifests itself making the work superfluous in quantities that are not reabsorbed by the expansion of markets, it impels workers who are repelled from the Active Army to seek occupations within the scope of the RAL. Therefore, we analyzed the Brazilian RAL from 2001 to 2015, based on the PNAD database. The results found demonstrated that at the national level, the RAL represented more than 50% of the labor market. In the States of the North and Northeast Region, superfluous workers had a greater representation than the national average. On the other hand, in the States of the Southeast, South and Midwest, the representativeness of the RAL was about the national average. However, among the layers that make up the RAL, in all States, in relation to the average of the period, the latent layer was the most representative. Considering that the latent layer is composed of workers who carry out activities that are not typically capitalist, it is concluded that, with the Third Industrial Revolution, the destruction of capitalist production relations evolves, undoubtedly. From this analysis, it was seen that the activities carried out in the latent layer are of a domestic nature, while in the stagnant layer they are predominantly carried out in the agricultural, construction and trade and repair sectors. Regarding the length of stay, it was seen that superfluous workers tend to stay in the EIR for more than 10 years. Finally, in relation to income, although the RAL's Household Income per capita (RDPC) is lower than in the asset, the results showed that the RDPC in the latent layer was lower than in the stagnant layer. These theoretical considerations reveal the possibility of the way of being assumed by the RAL since the end of the 20th century to represent the genuine expression of an absolutely capitalized world, product of the development of the immanent contradictions of capitalism, discussed by Marx in O Capital.