A pré-reflexividade do personagem na ficção sartriana

Abstract

The work aims to explorer, via Jean Paul Sartre philosophical and fictional, in philosophical oeuvres The Transcendence of the Ego, Being and Nothingness: An Essay on Phenomenological Ontology, What is literature? Sketch for a Theory of the Emotions, The Imagination and the Imaginary. Also, in literary oeuvres Nausea, The Flies and The Age of Reason. The dialogical relation between philosophy and literature, especially, in the transition from thoughtless to reflexive of the consciousness. Then, the research intends to analyze the conceptual aspects which involve burning issues like the freedom, distress, responsibility and engagement ideas in a radically Sartre’s perspective as well as, to circumscribe a certain application of these concepts according to the lived experience of the fictional characters. The development of this goal, therefore, covers in the first two chapters, the philosophical exemplification of the distinct pre-reflexivity notion, so the reflection notion which predominates a long philosophical tradition, until, for instance, Husserl’s phenomenological idealism. Consequently, it derives the capital importance of Sartre’s analysis on the Cogito pre-reflexive notion. Yet, in the last two chapters, the analysis will concentrate in the reconstitution of the characters and Sartre’s fictional oeuvres, in which they will talk about their overlaps with the philosophy. The research results will corroborate the initial hypothesis which the literature is the closest means to the human, just by portraying him in his individuality, while the philosophy, in turn, distances in order to approach more the universality. So, the thesis concludes supporting the initial hypothesis of the pre-reflexivity notion operates not only like a central element to understand the ultimate meaning of the Sartre’s reflection notion, but, as a background of this where arises the character created in the fictional production of Sartre himself.