Do perfil ao comportamento do trabalho infantil na região Sul do Brasil pós implementação de medidas institucionais de combate

Abstract

The main objective of this research was to analyze the profile of child labor and its behavior considering the implementation of the age restriction law and income and education social assistance programs. To achieve this goal, it was used the micro data of the National Household Sample Survey, conducted by IBGE, regarding children and adolescents from 5 to 17 years of age. It was verified that in the southern region of Brazil, in 2015, there were more than 500 thousand economically active children and adolescents in that age group. In terms of proportion, of all children and adolescents in the Region, about 10% were engaged in work activities. Regarding the factors associated with the incidence of child labor, its relation with family income was more evident among workers aged 15 to 17 years, especially in Rio Grande do Sul state. Other than family income, the incidence factors are the area of residence, occupation, occupation of parents, especially when verified in the rural scope, in addition to the fact that the parents were also child laborers. Among these factors, there were more evident associations with the sex of individuals, being the boys more prone, especially to the early admission. Among the main consequences of early work is its negative association with the schooling of individuals. It was found out that school dropout in the South region was higher among children aged 5 and 6 years old and among adolescents aged 15 to 17 years old, especially above 16 years old. In total, 5.9% of children and adolescents in the Region, aged 5 to 17 years old, were in school dropout condition. Of which, 40% had been working. Regarding the behavior of child labor and school enrollment in the Region after the implementation of the Minimum Age Act and income transfer and education programs, it was found out that there was a significant decrease in the rate of child labor and the increase in schooling in all age groups, especially since the mid-1990s. That coincides with the implementation of measures to combat early age work in Brazil. However, there is still an army of child laborers in the Brazilian South region of thousands of individuals under the age of 18 working, including 12 year-olds or younger. In addition, the data also revealed how sensitive this problem is to economic fluctuations, emphasizing that restrictive minimum age legislation for labor alone is not sufficient to eradicate child labor, necessitating the complement of social measures and strengthening of control.