Mapeamento e modelagem espacial para estimativa de safras de culturas agrícolas com séries temporais de imagens de satélites

Abstract

Estimates of agricultural production are greatly important especially in economy field. However, they depend on area knowledge and cropping yield. Thus, this study aimed to propose a methodology to estimate the areas cropped with soybeans and corn in Paraná State according to multi-temporal EVI/MODIS vegetation index images for 2010/2011, 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 crop years. In addition, there was a research with spatial autocorrelation soybean yield in Paraná, with EVI vegetation index and meteorological variables in a decennial scale and estimate yield using CAR, SAR and GWR models. In Paraná State, there is a drawback to map soybeans crop since corn sowing period is very close to the first one. Therefore, images from the maximum and minimum vegetative vigour were drawn of each studied crop for mapping soybean and corn crops in order to obtain both cropping areas. Although, for the separation, Spectro Angle Mapper algorithm (SAM) was applied by one of the studied crops, while mapping was obtained by multiplying the other bands. Thus, for spatial statistics application of mapped data, the average EV profile of each municipality was extracted as well as for each multi-temporal image, in order to change them into a decennial scale. According to the spatial statistics of such areas, the descriptive analysis of univariate spatial autocorrelation (global and local) of each ten-day variable was used based on the soybean cycle. A bivariate autocorrelation analysis between soybean yield and the studied varieties were also performed. Finalizing the methodology, variables with the highest significant level by stepwise method were selected and SAR, CAR and GWR models were generated to estimate soybean yield. As results, regarding mappings, the following answers for soybean were found out: r = 0.95 and r = 0.99, and while for corn, the answers were: r = 0.72 and r = 0.95 for 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 crop years in relation to the official data from SEAB. So, it has been proved some great efficiency of this methodology to separate and identify crops. When the descriptive statistics of municipalities for each variable was carried out, it was found out that some regions began an early sowing in relation to other ones in Paraná by the decennial vegetation index. The ten-day scale was also possible to be identified according to the climatic factors that caused soybean yield damage. Based on the analysis of spatial autocorrelation, the greatest similarities occurred in 2011/2012 crop year, the one affected by the weather change, whose yields were similar in the municipalities of Paraná State. For spatial modelling, it was observed that selection of decennial variables was different for each studied crop year, and the best model selected by the validation. And GWR was chosen as the best model by the AIC, BIC and adjusted R² validation criteria. The residuals were randomly distributed throughout all the State, so that spatial autocorrelation could be eliminated.