Suicídio e desenvolvimento regional: um estudo sócio-econômico da incidência da auto-violência nas mesorregiões Oeste e Sudoeste do Paraná: 1990 A 2005

Abstract

As far as we can concern the suicide as a universal phenomenon, a consequence of occured the social and economic alterations in the society, as well as the regional diversities, this work has as objective analyze the relation between suicide occurrence and the configuration of the process of regional development of the region West and Southwest of the Paraná, between 1990 and 2005. On the basis of bibliography of reference and research, quantitative and qualitative, in reports of the Legal Medicals Institutes, as well as in referring partner-economic information the two regions, the work disclosed the high rates of suicide in both, rates these superiors the average of the state of the Paraná and Brazil. The work evidenced the strong relation of the rates of suicide with the set of processes and responsible partner-economic dynamic for the development of the southwestern West and, mainly the changes suffered in the agricultural sector. With a economy stimulated for farming production, changes in this scene, as the generated ones for the modernization process (green revolution), changes in the physical structure, with the construction of the hidreletric barrages plants of Salto Caxias and Itaipu Binational, land dispossessions and agricultural exodus, and the consequent difficulties suffered for agriculture, mainly family agriculture, are factors that indicate one strong relation with the suicide indices. It was proven, as in other works, that the suicidal behavior is wide more frequent enters the men of what between the women, this exactly when the feminine population contingent is bigger to the masculine and that the hanging is the used method more. As they had pointed other studies with respect to Brazil, the mortality-suicide between married people was more frequent than between the divorced, bachelors, and widowers. With regard to average age of the suicidal ones, it was verified that in both regions the suicide reaches more people in average age of active and productive life. One also perceived, that in all the period, the suicide rates had been bigger between the individuals of agricultural occupation, what it indicates one strong association between mortality-suicide rates and the farming activity. This relation was observed in such a way in the region West, how much in the Southwestern region, however in the Southwest this relation was still more strong, indicating bigger dependence of the farming sector in the development of this region that if configured as farming region of more traditional and little capitalized, with small properties and predominance of familiar agriculture. One also verified that 8 of the 20 cities that compose ranking of the cities with bigger rates of suicide are bordering, that is, cities reached for the construction of the Plants of Itaipu and Salto Caxias. Six of these cities had been reached by the plant of Itaipu, all in West and 2 for the plant of Salto Caxias, a city in the West and another one in the Southwest. Considering the reference bibliography, it was observed that the Plant of Salto Caxias adopted one more efficient politics in the process of dispossession of the reached areas of what the Plant of Itaipu and this also can have influenced in little impact for the population, what certainly contributed so that this was not so vulnerable, resulting in lesser rates of mortality-suicide. In such a way, this work verified that the suicide rates strong are influenced by the local dynamics and that the suicidal standards demonstrate the vulnerability to the effect of the social conjunctures, therefore these results can be reflecting a real relation with the quality of life of its authors