Virtù: a lógica da ação em Maquiavel

Abstract

The question that guides this dissertation is to demonstrate how the Florentine author gets the idea of virtue and conforms It to his time: the virtù then disegnates as the ability to transform, through knowlegde and action, the political reality in accordin to certain political goals both through individual actions, under a principality as through citizens in a republic. Machiavelli proceeds with his arguments indicating that acting with virtù means the capacity, intelligence and sagacity, of those who govern to conform reality to their goals. Therefore, while situates virtú as exceptional and distinguished political action in two moments: virtù the conquest of glory, the group which the great men, the founders belong, whose orders and institutions remain, virtù and the conquest of power group, to which the great captains belong who, although bearing virtù, had their actions marked by the abscence, so that as soon as they leave the framework of the story, their orders and institutions do the same the framework of the story. Machiavelli, following the path related to the actions of great men, presents the confrontation between virtù and wealth sentencing: for that our free cont be extinct, the wealth means to be the arbiter of half our actions, leaving us to rule the other half, or so. The intended result is to show that, given the imminent need to achieve virtù Machiavelli indicates the path to be followed is that of the educational process through civic education. It Demonstrates that to conform the citizen, it is necessary to highlight the difference between the good citizen and the good man, and his conformation will only occur through education, where pedagogic tools are the military structure and religious structure. When considering the educational means at his time, Machiavelli asserts that there is a weak education and promoter of idleness and licentiousness. To overcome idleness and licentiousness, Machiavelli draws on examples from the past that, by education and virtù, with the help of the military and religious atructures provided a citizen formation. It also demonstrates that, for conformation of the civic man, courage patriotism and willing for sacrifice for the common good are achieved by education. Inaddition the conformation of the virtù is acquired education of man, the recurrence of morality, the desire for freedom, becoming indispensable in combating degradation of political action, that is, the corruption.