Manejos de Brachiaria ruziziensis e Avena sativa em sistema de integração lavoura pecuária na cultura da soja em sucessão

Abstract

Livestock farming integration is a choice between sustainable production systems, to reconcile the production of grains and animals. Thus, the use of forage species can be crucial for improving the soil, increase of straw and increase crop productivity. Then, the aim of this study was to evaluate, in livestock farming system integration, the amount of straw formed in different management systems and their effects on agronomic traits such as plant stand, plant height, stem diameter, number of pods per plant, number of grains per plant, thousand grain mass and soybean crop productivity. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block designed in bands scheme, with three replications, consisting of five forms of managements of Brachiaria (single mowing Brachiaria with no chemical control; mowing brachiaria with oat in overseeded and without chemical control; Brachiaria with chemical control (paraquat) and oat in no-till; Brachiaria with chemical control (glufosinate) and oat in no-till, and Brachiaria with chemical control (glyphosate) and oat in no-till); and three grazing managements (no grazing; one grazing; and two grazing). The analyzed variables were the amount of residual straw, its decomposition rate at the time and its effects on the agronomic characteristics of soybean. The results showed that the average amount of straw in the system was 2.671 kg dry matter ha-1 with higher decomposition rate for the chemical control without managements. The management of forage and grazing did not affect the soybean productivity, which averaged 2.505 kg ha-1 of grain. Therefore, livestock farming integration is an interesting option for the western region of Paraná, allowing the producer to adopt a more diversified and sustainable production system, without compromising the soybean harvest