Características agronômicas, qualidade da farinha e avaliação de genótipos de trigo duplo propósito submetidos a diferentes manejos de corte

Abstract

There need to research involving crop-livestock integration, using different wheats, which can be used with dual purpose. Therefore this study aimed to evaluate the agronomic characteristics and quality of flour in wheat genotypes and dual-purpose and of the new genotypes, submitted to the management of cuts in the phase of tillering. Two experiments were conducted in Cascavel, in the design of randomized blocks with split plot with four replications. In a test the priorities were the cutting management and adaptation of genotypes dual-purpose. And the other was to evaluate the genotype for the double purpose. In the first test in the plot were allocated the wheat (BRS-277 and BRS-Tarumã) and subplots managements of cuts (blunt, with one cut, and with two cuts), totaling six treatments. In the second test in the plot were assigned the genotypes of Coodetec (BATT10-108, BATT10-109-114 BATT, BATT-115-119 BATT, BATT-120 and S09-167) and the genotypes of wheat of dual purpose of Embrapa (BRS 277 and BRS-Tarumã) and subplots managements of cuts (blunt, with one cut), totaling 18 treatments. In two experiments were evaluated agronomic characteristics the dry matter, the grain yield, the mass of thousand grains, the number of grains spike-1, the number of spikes m-2 and the plant height. As flour was evaluated the general force of the gluten, the ratio of tenacity of extensibility, the wet gluten, dry gluten, the hectoliter weight (grain quality), the number of fall, the ash on a dry basis and color (L *, a * and b *). In the first experiment the dry matter of wheat dual purpose BRS-Tarumã (1.523 kg ha-1) and BRS-277 (1.397 kg ha-1) did not differentiated between them. Yields of grain blunt (2.014 kg ha-1) and one cut (1.779 kg ha-1) were similar, but differ from management with two cuts (889 kg ha-1). The force general of gluten smaller was the wheat BRS-277 (323 10-4 J) with two cuts and higher BRS-Tarumã (449 10-4 J) with one cut. The increase in the number of cuts presented improvements to the dry matter, plant height and number of falls, with a reduction in grain yield and thousand grain weight, enabling the management to with one cut, better quality of flour in wheat genotypes. In the second test with one cut the highest yield of grain was found in the genotypes BATT-115 (3.063 kg ha-1), BATT-120 (2.792 kg ha-1) and BRS-Tarumã (2.657 kg ha-1). For the management to cut the genotypes S09-167 (78,63 kg hL-1) and BATT-114 (78,13 kg hL-1) obtained the highest values of hectoliter weight, however the falling number was between 220 to 250 s this classified as type 2. The genotypes of Coodetec that presented the agronomic characteristics and quality of flour more similar to the wheat double purpose of Embrapa were BATT-115, the BATT-119 and BATT-120