Metaantropologia e a Teoria das Esferas do Ser: funcionalização e multidimensionalidade do humano-Integral em Max Scheler

Abstract

The present thesis thematizes meta-anthropology within the horizon of the late phase of Max Scheler’s theory of the spheres of being. By meta-anthropology is understood an integrative discipline of visions of the human and of the world whose backdrop is the metaphysical theory of the spheres of being. The problem addressed in this paper is whether it is possible to evaluate the Munich philosopher's vision of the human being, considering the draft-like nature of the work The Human Place in the Cosmos (Stellung). Using a bibliographical methodology, the original 1928 edition of Stellung was read, seeking an “hidden order” in Scheler’s corpus, whose evidence was offered by Pintor-Ramos (1978) and Frings (2001). In this regard, it is understood that it is not possible to fully grasp Scheler's vision of the human being solely in Stellung: in PhW and Nachlass, a multidimensionality of the spheres of being is evident, whose dense interdisciplinary character seems incomprehensible within the scope of this essay. Given the scenario presented, it is understood that the later Scheler converges towards a meta-anthropology that presupposes the law of autonomy of the spheres as a requirement for interpreting the problem of spiritual impotence; that is, in its original sphere – in the absolute time (Urgeist) – the spirit would be impotent, except for the act of projecting ideas. It is then shown that the notion of impotence in the spiritual sphere means an inability to directly alter the course of the vital sphere. Thus, it is urgent to adopt an alternative interpretation of impotence, as relational-functional; our contribution lies in identifying the notion of functionalization (Funktionalisierung), which is later absorbed by Scheler, into the notions of interpenetration (Durchdringung) and interpenetrative adjustment (Ausgleich), within the framework of the spheres metaphysics; it follows that the autonomy of each sphere is preserved, even if essentially prone to remission to the absolute. Here it is intuited that Scheler highlights, in the text of the Nachlass, a functional-relative impotence of the impulse, given the ineffectiveness of group interests without the guidance of model-people. From this arises the hypothesis that the lived experience of impotence presupposes both the interpenetration of spirit and life in the person and the autonomy of the spheres. In this light, the human reveals its essence as a functional unity inclined toward progressive interlacement, indicating the multidimensionality in the meta anthropology of spheres; thus, the individual affective ordering (ordo amoris) is updated from absolute time, without invalidating its identity. In sum, considering the functionalizing and propensities aspect of the later Scheler, it follows that if the spirit is originally powerless, by the law of autonomy, the impulse would also be, if deprived of ideal directionality and the regulatory models of the human (Allmensch).