Eficiência energética e intensidade de emissões no setor de papel e celulose brasileiro

Abstract

Industrial energy efficiency has received increasing attention in many countries because of its importance in the pursuit of security of energy supply, increased competitiveness in the economy and in the mitigation of greenhouse gases emissions. This dissertation aimed to evaluate the energy consumption development of Brazilian pulp and paper industry, a sector classified and energy-intensive and with significative importance both in terms of energy and economic. Both the emissions intensity of greenhouse gases, arising from the sector energy consumption, and the developments of the energy efficiency levels were analysed, estimating the existing energy saving potentials. Through a decomposition analysis, the influences of changes in the struture, production intensity and energy efficiency levels in the increased sector energy consumption over time were evaluated. In order to contextualize the changes occurred in the country, an international comparison of the development of both the energy efficiency levels and the energy consumption decomposition of other importante producing countries: Canada, United States of America, Finland and Sweden were held. It was concluded in this study that the emissions intensity of carbon dioxide equivalent by the national industry decreased significantly between 1979 and 2010, from 1.24 to 0.31 CO2e per tonne of exported pulp and produced paper. Despite a significant increase in the energy efficiency levels, responsible for 5.5 PJ savings in electricity consumption and for 37.6 PJ savings in fuels consumptions between 1979 and 2009, it was identified a saving potential of 7.3 PJ and 105.5 PJ related to the annual consumption of electricity and fuels, respectively, in the Brazilian pulp and paper industry. Among the countries evolved in the international comparison, both Swedish and Finnish industreis were the most eficiente, followed by the Brazilian, American and Canadian, being the latter the only one where there was a reduction in the energy efficiency levels over the analysed period. Keywords: energy-efficiency; decomposition analysis; international comparison.