A phrónesis nas interpretações fenomenológicas sobre Aristóteles em Martin Heidegger: a reapropriação heideggeriana da Ética a Nicômaco

Abstract

This doctoral thesis investigated the appropriation of the concept of phrónesis (circumvision) in Heidegger's phenomenological interpretations of Aristotle. Among the works that address the topic, we will focus primarily on Plato: The Sophist (1924/1925) and GA 19, using the preceding lectures as a conceptual hermeneutic path: Phenomenological Interpretations of Aristotle: Introduction to Phenomenological Research (1921-1922), GA 61, and Phenomenological Interpretations of Aristotle: Indications of the Hermeneutical Situation (1922), GA 62 – known as the Natorp Report. The thesis defended is that Heidegger's appropriation of the concept of phrónesis from Aristotle's practical philosophy is existentially appropriate to show an elementary path that will reverberate in the existential analytics in Being and Time (1927). Given this, the question that guided the research was: In what sense does the phrónesis interpreted by Heidegger relate to the fundamental concepts that Heidegger develops at the end of the 1920s? To carry out the research, the general objective was to ground the concept of phrónesis in Heidegger's interpretations of Book VI of Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics, so that it would be possible to visualize the emergence of phrónesis as a possibility of appropriating the phenomenon of being-there. To achieve this, the specific objectives were: to explain Heidegger's interpretation of Aristotle in his lectures prior to Plato: The Sophist, i.e., the lectures from the early 1920s; to develop the phenomenological interpretation of Aristotle in the work Plato: The Sophist (1924-1925), a crucial lecture in which Heidegger deepens the importance of phrónesis for thinking about existential practical philosophy; and to interpret phrónesis as the realm in which being-there visualizes its being as a whole, something essential to Heidegger's existential analytics, pointing to the integrated and transformed foundations in the work Being and Time. With the fulfillment of these objectives, the hypothesis was sustained that phrónesis is a fundamental concept for thinking about the existential foundations of being-there during everyday practical life, even though, in Aristotle, sophia has prominence over phrónesis. This work was therefore justified in the following ways: a) Aristotle is one of the fundamental thinkers in the history of philosophy, and Heidegger added a fundamental emphasis to his philosophy based on these readings; b) Heidegger's hermeneutic interpretation of Aristotle founded the task, later explained in Being and Time (1927), of deconstructing the history of ontology. Methodologically, this thesis sought to compare the portuguese, spanish, and english translations with the original german, in addition to reading and comparing the Aristotelian text, appropriated by Heidegger, in portuguese and in the original greek. As for the content, the research was bibliographic in nature, based on the fundamental works mentioned and supplemented by the translators' comments, as well as articles and journals specializing in Heideggerian thought.