Qualidade de vida, ansiedade e depressão em pacientes renais crônicos em tratamento conservador

Abstract

Introduction: The chronic kidney disease (CKD) presents high impact in health for patients and for the health services all over the world and it has been considered one important problem of public health. The carriers of a chronic disease, even if the treatment is non-invasive, they have to adapt themselves to the changes that this disease entails, and can interfere with the quality of life (QL) and also the anxiety and depression levels, depending on how they are included and accepted daily. Objectives: To evaluate the QL levels, anxiety and depression in patients carriers of CKD in conservative treatment; To investigate the clinic, sociodemographic, laboratory characteristics and aspects from the disease knowledge and its treatment of patients carriers of CKD in conservative treatment and correlate with the levels of QL, anxiety and depression; to compare; the demographic, clinic and laboratory data from patients in order to whether have or not anxiety and whether have or not depression; to compare the domains of QL in relation to sex; to compare the demographic data, the anxiety, depression and QL variables as CKD staging in two groups. Methodology: Study of quantitative approach, descriptive, exploratory and observational, cross-sectional, performed at the Medical School Clinic in the Nephrology specialty of Hospital Universitário do Oeste do Paraná (HUOP). It was used a previously elaborated questionnaire for the sociodemographic and clinical profile of the population studied, the instrument SF-36 (Medical Outcomes Study 36 Item Short-Form Health Survey) for analysis of QL and the instrument HADS (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) to evaluate the anxiety and depression. For data analysis it was used the statistical program R (Core Team, 2013), the tests applied were Shapiro-Wilk, chisquare, Fisher s exact and t-Student, according to the nature of the variables. The correlation test of Spearman was used to correlate anxiety, depression and quality of life. It was considered the significance level of 5%. Results: 132 patients were evaluated with mean age of 65,0± 14,0 years old, with predominance of male patients (55,3%) and white race (83,3%). The patients presented a time of followup average of 56,4 ± 87,0 months. Hypertension and diabetes mellitus were the main comorbidities founded. We observed little knowledge about the disease. Anxiety was observed in 26,5% and depression in 37,1% of the patients. Low fields 'limitations due to physical aspects' and 'general health' in the assessment of QL were observed. There was positive correlation between anxiety and depression. Conclusion: We observed high prevalence of anxiety and depression, such as, low QL in the studied population