A temporalidade descrita em “Ser e Tempo” como chave de leitura das duas primeiras “Meditações” de Descartes

Abstract

Heidegger installs an explicit debate with Descartes evoking the image of philosophy as a tree, whose roots would be metaphysics: from what do such roots nourish? This question gives relevance to the unquestionable sum, in Descartes. Discussing the sum from the perspective of Being and Time gives a new reading key when faced with the historical or logical approaches of the Meditations. Critics have vehemently devoted themselves to discussing the driving force of the passage between the meditative stages. It has been concluded that the order of reasons does not serve as a motor, because a reason needs to be provoked by problems - which gains strength from the admission that the analytic procedure is constitutive of the Meditations. For us, problems arise from an ontologically elaborated context. The opening of this context is linked to a way of being subsumed to Descartes' work, visualized in the approximation - coordinated by Being and Time - between the Meditations and the Discourse. Therefore, our thesis is that, instead of an order of reasons or an order of problems, one should admit the ecstatic movement that energizes the Meditations. Our study lets us see how the Cartesian letter is imbued with existential presuppositions, visualized in the harmonization of the Meditations with the Discourse. Thus, by letting see, our thesis does not gain the forms of a textual analysis that seeks to exhaust the commentary discussion on chosen extracts, but neither does it shy away from knowing Descartes for himself. Anchored faithfully to Descartes' manifest intention to reformulate only his own thoughts (), the balance of our investigation delivers to the reader a diligent reconstitution of the cogito in the light of Cartesian thought, so that one will not find, here, the defence of one or another author, but rather a re-thinking of what was once thought; but, this time, re-thought as new.