O humano como criador e a criatura de si em Nietzsche e Freud

Abstract

The presente study aims to contrast two therapeutical models, the German philosopher Friederich Nietzsche’s and the psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud’s. The goal is to discuss the two author’s perspective considering the confront of the human suffering. The approach of the selected texts aims to present Nietzsche’s elaborations about the cultural physician’s function, before and after the elaboration of the doctrine about the “will to power”. Then, this approach presents Freud’s notion on the neurosis physician’s function, in the period before and after the elaboration of the death drive. This introduction allows for pointing how the authors characterize and qualify the states of health and disease, as well as the amendments made in their respective doctrines of the impulses. Furthermore, we discuss both authors’ peculiar ways of conceiving the human as creator and, at the same time, creature of himself. In Nietzsche, the fundamental concept towards the building of himself is the big health, whereas in Freud, it is the incurable castration. Finally, we discuss their therapeutical proposals, as well as the essential divergences between the two proposals. The fundamental texts used in Nietzsche refer to the will to power and the posthumous fragments about the cultural physician; in Freud, the works point to the drive duality and to the psychoanalytical technique. Our investigations state that, for Nietzsche and Freud, the suffering is inherent in the human condition, as well as the drive fight is unconscious. Also, we state that the costant escape from this condition is the source of disease. The authors, each one in their own way, say that the suffering in unfightable circumstance of the whole existence and confronting it would be a way of handling it. In this respect, the suffering, which figures as unbearable at first, may incite the human to create himself, building a meaning for his own life. Another possibility is that the contact with pain may provoke the contrary, the human who becomes the creature of himself, a way in which he fixes himself to a resentful and neurotic attitude. The study aims to provide two distinct interpretations for the questions on the meaning of existence, which do not advocate for answers of absolute truths, but for a process of self building.