A temporalidade originária: o horizonte da “compreensão de ser” em Ser e Tempo

Abstract

Our investigation seeks to elucidate the temporality as a horizon of the understanding of being, having as a guide the fundamental ontology undertaken in the work Being and Time, from 1927, by the German philosopher Martin Heidegger. In this work, Heidegger has as its theme the question of being, which is judged as not explicitly considered by the author through the history of philosophy. The analytics of the being-there is, then, undertaken as a way of accessing this question, at the same time that temporality is proposed as the horizon that enables the understanding of being. The methodological task of choosing the entity to be first relatively interrogated to the question of being, ends up opting for that entity 'that we ourselves are', named being-there (Dasein), indicating the one that 'is' (sein, being) the ' there' (Da). The being-there is the only one that is able to testimony the meaning of the being, because they are involved in a non-thematic understanding, which characterizes their way of being more than something that they do (for example, when they research or meditate). The comprehension of being is the horizon from which the there-being behaves, lives, exists, in any activity, or in deprivation of action. The analytics of being-there interrogates its being as an understanding and exposes the ontological structures through which being-there articulates themself and articulates the meaning of other entities. The expression being-in-the-world is examined arriving to the exposition of care (Sorge) as a way of being of this entity that understands being. The understanding of being and care point to the same. The fundamental sense of being, however, will be pointed out, in paragraph 65, as the originary temporality – in turn articulated in the ecstases to come, the vigor of having been and actualization. Our work problematizes the conceptual connection between temporality and the set of the analytic of existence. We intend to comprehend how the structures exposed in the analytic, which constitute the content of the expression 'understanding of being', are articulated with the temporality and its ecstases.Methodologically, we intend to accomplish this task through the confrontation between the clarification of temporality, especially in paragraphs 65 to 68, and the expression understanding of being. Therefore, we aspire to indicate: the structure and meaning of the path from 'analytic' to temporality; the structure and meaning of temporality; the connection between the understanding of being and the originary temporality. Thus, in the first chapter, we will analyze how, from the question of the meaning of being, Heidegger develops some of the main existentials of being-there, while being-in-the-world, and how they are possible from the structure of care, whose meaning is the temporality. In the second chapter, we will see how the being-themself of being-there is possible from the description of the existentials released by temporality. In the third and last chapter, we will follow the way in which the author develops the concept of originary temporality, based on previous writings to Being and Time; and how the concept developed by the author differs from the traditional interpretation of time (an interpretation based on Aristotle), by connecting it with the destiny of human existence.