Surto de doença diarreica aguda no município de Cascavel-PR

Abstract

Acute diarrheal diseases are characterized by a decrease in the stool consistency and increased watery stools; in some cases, mucus and blood are present, lasting up to 14 days. In the Epidemiological Week (SE50), the Epidemiological Surveillance Division of Cascavel (a city located in the western region of Paraná), observed an increase in the number of cases of acute diarrheal disease (ADD) reported by three Emergency Care Units. The reported cases presented manifestations of diarrhea with long duration, intermittence, discomfort, and severe abdominal pain. This scenario was compatible with the agents of parasitic infection. Therefore, the objective of the study was to confirm and describe the ADD outbreak by analyzing all associated factors. The information was collected by the Epidemiological Surveillance of the city of Cascavel-PR. According to SIVEP-DDA, from 2018 to 2020, there were 40.677 cases of ADD in Cascavel-PR. Considering the year of 2019, in which 19.131 cases were confirmed, it is possible to observe an increase of 5.442 cases in comparison to the year of 2018. Through this study it was possible to conclude that an incident disease outbreak occurred in Cascavel-PR, caused by a protozoa spread through water systems, named Cryptosporidium, proven by laboratory exams and symptoms of protozoa contamination. It was observed that the highest prevalence of the disease is situated between the ages of zero and four years, being the most ADD susceptible period. The most used treatment for ADD was the type A plan mainly through oral rehydration salts. A higher occurrence of ADD cases was found between January and March of 2019, which corresponds to the season of summer in Brazil, in which people need to hydrate more and the use of recreational waters (pools, rivers) is more popular. It is necessary to think about reducing the probability of ADD, as well as other waterborne diseases. It is also important that the health and sanitation systems are connected in order to prevent the aggravation of waterborne diseases, guaranteeing quality water for human consumption.