Tratamento oral da diabetes a partir de análogos do peptídeo semelhante ao glucagon -1 obtidos por tecnologia de micropartícula e/ou nanopartícula: uma revisão de escopo

Abstract

Currently, the glucagon like peptide-1 analogs available for the treatment of type 2 Diabetes mellitus, are presented in an injectable form for subcutaneous administration. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the quality, effectiveness and benefits of micro/nanocarriers containing GLP-1 analogs for oral administration based on a systematic review of in vivo and in vitro studies conducted in type 2 DM patients. In this review, four electronic databases were used to collect articles from PubMed / Medline, Science Direct, Scopus and Web of Science using the selected descriptors for advanced search, without language restrictions and year of publication, also associating the Boolean operators. It was found a total of 415 articles and after the first evaluation, 34 articles were selected to be reading full. At the end of the reading, 16 articles were selected by the reviewers for data collection and discussion. The ideal components for the formulation of nanoparticules and/or microparticules of GLP-1 analogs for oral absorption are not established, as different active principles, materials, methodologies and coating strategies are still being tested in an exploratory way, and it is not possible from available scientific literature, determine which would be the best. However, the authors of the selected articles demonstrated the benefits and effectiveness of these formulations in relation to the formulations currently available on the market, therefore, these carriers are promising for the oral availability of GLP-1 analogs. There is a need for such formulations to be commercially available, however, for this to be possible, it is of fundamental importance that pre-clinical tests and clinical trials (Phase I, II and III) be carried out and enable such formulations to have a conclusive assessment of its safety and therapeutic efficacy.