Efeitos da associação da periodontite e do diabetes mellitus tipo 1 induzidos sobre os tecidos periodontais e a mucosa duodenal de ratos wistar

Abstract

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a risk factor for periodontal disease (PD), and, in turn, periodontitis increases hyperglycemia. The negative effect that one has on the other seems to influence the existence of inflammatory manifestations not only locally, but also systemically, leading to speculation that these diseases are associated with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Through this, we sought to evaluate the effect of the association of periodontal disease and T1DM under histomorphometric and radiographic aspects of periodontal tissues and intestinal mucosa (duodenum). Thirty-two Wistar rats were used, subdivided into four experimental groups. 1) Control Group (CG): ten animals 2) Group of periodontal disease (PD): ten animals 3) Type 1 diabetes mellitus group (T1DM): eight animals 4) Type 1 diabetes mellitus + periodontal disease group (T1DM+PD): four animals. In groups T1DM and T1DM+PD, T1DM induction was performed with the administration of streptozotocin (STZ) 80mg/kg intraperitoneal body weight in a single dose. After 48 hours, the animals underwent glucose tests and then the DP and T1DM+DP groups were subjected to PD induction with ligation around the lower, right and left first molars and remained so until the end of the experiment. After the experimental phase (20 days of experiment), the animals were desensitized in a CO2 chamber and later decapitated in guillotine, the material was collected for analysis. The blood was collected to evaluate fasting glucose concentrations, the hemi-mandibles for histomorphometric and radiographic analysis and finally, a duodenal fragment was removed for morphological evaluation. The data obtained were normal and were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's post-test. The results of the fasting glucose dosage showed statistically significant differences between the groups, and the T1DM group showed a high level of fasting glucose compared to the control group and the DP. However, the T1DM + DP group had a significant increase in relation to T1DM and the other groups. In radiographic and histomorphometric analyzes, the T1DM+DP group stands out for presenting greater alveolar bone loss, compared to the other groups. The T1DM+DP group showed greater osteoclastic activity compared to the control, T1DM and DP groups (p <0.05). The heights of the intestinal villi were statistically higher in the DP, T1DM, T1DM+DP group, compared to the control. Regarding the height of the crypt, only the T1DM and T1DM+DP groups were significantly higher compared to the other groups. Thus, it was possible to observe that the association of type I diabetes mellitus and periodontitis increased the deleterious effects on bone tissue, with a consequent adverse effect on the permeability of the duodenal mucosa.