Política agrícola no Brasil e na Alemanha: uma abordagem comparativa entre a mesorregião Oeste do Paraná e estado de Nordrhein-Westfalen

Abstract

Agriculture plays a fundamental role in society, both in developed and developing economies. In Brazil, it has fulfilled its basic functions, being strongly linked to economic dynamics and food security. Thus, it has contributed to economic growth, whether linked to production aimed at the foreign market or for domestic consumption. In the European Union (EU) agriculture has played a prominent role, which, after the Second World War, unfolded in the formulation of a Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) that was mainly guided in providing food security within its territory. However, during its trajectory, politics was strongly influenced by the interests of its member countries linked to trade issues, which were important components in the decisions taken in the economic aspect of agricultural policy. Which ended up raising the economic relevance of agriculture to EU trade relations. In this context, the study is inserted, which aims to analyze the incentives of agricultural policy for the production of cereals in the West Mesoregion of Paraná and in the State of Rhineland after the 2000s. educational, demographic and land tenure, both for Brazil and Germany. An index was also developed that measures the proportional share of subsidies in the Gross Added Value (GVA) of agriculture in each region. Based on the results of the index, for Germany and Rhineland the PAC has been helping farmers mainly in the economic question. This index was calculated from 2005 to 2017 and showed that agricultural subsidies for Germany and Rhineland stood at an average of 29% of GVA. While for Paraná and West Mesoregion the value was around 8%. Therefore, it was found that agricultural subsidies for German regions were about three times higher than Brazilian regions, thus demonstrating a high share of subsidies in the producer's income. Regarding the analyzed variables, it was found that the regions showed a similar trajectory regarding the specialization of cereal production, the increase or maintenance of agricultural productivity; concentration of medium or large properties; aging of rural producers; reduction of personnel employed in agriculture; increase in investments per hectare; and access to subsidies provided by public policies. This trajectory was based on the participation of national states as inducers and financiers of agriculture in both territories. In addition, it was possible to notice that the institutional arrangement of the Brazilian rural credit policy was formatted to respond to incentives via market prices, which are dictated by the international commodity trade. While the PAC took care to maintain the status quo in the countryside by means of a public road unrelated to the agricultural price market. Process that was sustained via transfers of resources from society to farmers through costly subsidies.