Projeto de casa rural em contêineres energia zero por meio de otimização numérica para diferentes climas do Brasil

Abstract

One of the keys to meeting the increased demand for electricity is the construction of more energy-efficient buildings. For this reason, in a worldwide scenario, the current civil construction target is the conception of net-zero energy buildings (NZEB). In order to fill the lack of studies on low cost NZEBs in hot climates, this work aims to propose a single-family housing project constructed in shipping containers, with net-zero energy target. The methodology comprises, definition of the simulation-based model in EnergyPlus; minimization of the objective functions: energy consumption and difference in life cycle cost, using GenOpt; a thermal comfort analysis; and calculation of solar systems. Through the optimization, reductions of 14 to 27% for air conditioning and lighting were obtained, and an average decrease of 11 and 23% in the discomfort hours, using the Fanger and adaptive models, respectively. In addition, air conditioning consumption, when the comfort temperature depends on the adaptive model, was reduced by 30 to 37%. The solar systems calculated can supply the energy demand of the proposed buildings, accomplishing this way, the net-zero energy goal. The financial analysis demonstrated that the net present value of the efficiency measures proposed ranges from R$ 43,000 to 60,000. The results of this research can help as a comparative basis for studies on low-cost residential NZEBs conducted in countries with warm-hot climates; as well as for aiding in the establishment of minimum energy performance indices, which were found to be scarce.