Composição química, atividade antioxidante, acaricida e antimicrobiana de extratos vegetais e do óleo essencial das folhas de Zanthoxylum Caribaeum l. frente a sorotipos de salmonella de origem avícola

Abstract

The genus Zanthoxylum comprises species distributed throughout tropical regions and temperate regions mainly. The plants of this genus are of great ethnobotanical, phytochemical importance. Z. caribaeum species are popularly known as thorn-billed thorns, thorny thorns, black hawthorn, stinky mammals, and stalks, and require further studies on its biological potential. In this study, the chemical composition, antimicrobial, antioxidant and acaricidal activities from different vegetal extracts (aqueous, ethanol, methanol, hexane, acetonide, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate) and from this species essencial oil were investigated. It was also determined the chemical composition of the essential oil of Z. caribaeum leaves through gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (CG/MS), the antimicrobial activity of the extracts and of the essential oil was determined by measuring the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimal Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) using broth dilution technique against pathogenic microorganisms such as Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhimurium (ATCC 14028), Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Enteretidis (ATCC 13076), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 13883), Proteus mirabilis (ATCC 25933), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 12228), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 19433), Bacillus subtilis subspecies spizizenii (CCCD B005), yeast Candida albicans (ATCC 10231) and against different serotypes of Salmonella enterica, occuring isolated in the western region of Paraná, Brazil. It was also evaluated the antioxidant activity of the essential oil by the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl) free radical capture method, as well as its repellent capacity against Dermanyssus gallinae (Panzer) (Acari: Dermanyssidae), using Y-olfactometer. In general, the GC/MS of the essential oil was dominated by terpenes, the major compounds being Germacrene-D, -Panasinsene, -Selinene, Varidiflorene and -Elemene. Regarding the antimicrobial activity, except for the aqueous extract, all the extracts showed antimicrobial activity, in addition, the essential oil was effective against all the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria tested and some different serotypes of Salmonella enterica. In relation to the antioxidant activity, the essential oil presented high antioxidant capacity, besides a repellent action of 79% against the mite D. gallinae. Thus, it is concluded that the results contribute to the chemical and biological characterization of the species Z. caribaeum, being a promising source of secondary metabolites with biological activities.