Decomposição dos diferenciais de rendimento do trabalho das regiões metropolitanas e não metropolitanas brasileiras

Abstract

The aim of this study is to examine the dispersion of intra and inter-regional income from main employment of persons employed in urban Metropolitan Regions (RM) and Non Metropolitan Brazilian (RNM) in the States of Bahia, Ceará, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraná, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul and São Paulo. For realization of the analytical it was applied the structural break test, which showed evidences of two labor markets. It was applied the decomposition of Oaxaca with Heckman procedure. It was used data from the National Research by House Sample of 2006. The work is based on the Theory of Human Capital and the Theory of Targeting. The Theory of Human Capital, although widely used, is unable by itself to explain the observed wage differences between individuals, as the market also provides dispersion. It was observed that, regarding the variables related to human capital, in the RM the best schooling explains the differences in pay and, in contrast, experience has more explanatory power in the countryside. The majority in the labor market are males, the informal labor force is stronger in the countryside os those states and the skin color of the workers as they approach the extreme south of Brazil is predominantly white and, in contrast, as it approaches the far north the predominant color is non-white. It was concluded that there are intra-regional wage and inter-regional dispersion for local reasons and attributes of workers. The wage dispersion in the States Minas Gerais, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul and São Paulo is present for the local characteristics of the labor market. On the other hand, on the state of Ceará both factors, regional and attributes of workers, contribute in a balanced way to explain such differences. Finally, in the States Bahia, Pará and Pernambuco, the characteristics of the worker provide more explanation for the differences in average income from labor. Rates of pay are, on average, more expressive in RM, as expected because of empirical consensus, and, furthermore, it was found that the richer states pay more in their RM by local factors and the poorer pay in different manner RM by attributes in their employees.